Oven evolutionary history

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Human pursuit of food, driving the transformation of cooking tools. From flint fire to intelligent temperature control, the history of human cooking is also a history of technological evolution. Every oven innovation is not only an upgrade of tools, but also a profound change in lifestyle, nutrition acquisition and even social structure. Let's walk into this technological journey full of fireworks.

(1)、Pit oven (about 29000 years ago)

As early as the late Paleolithic period, human beings began to dig holes in the ground, spread heated stones, put food in them and cover them with soil, forming the original "pit oven".

1. why is this original oven able to rise?

①. The pit can maintain heat for a long time, suitable for slow-cooked hard food and root plants.

②. You can cook a lot of food at the same time to meet the needs of the community.

③. Can cook the original indigestible ingredients, improve the nutritional absorption rate.

2. reasons for being eliminated

①. The preparation time is extremely long (heating the stone takes several hours).

②. The temperature cannot be precisely controlled.

③. Restricted by weather and geographical conditions.

(2)、Masonry oven (3000 BC)

With the development of pottery and building technology, humans began to build specialized culinary structures. The Mesopotamus and ancient Egyptian civilizations developed early masonry ovens-essentially an enclosed space of clay or masonry where a fire was made below and cooking was made above.

1. reasons for the rise of masonry ovens:

①. The heat is more concentrated and the cooking efficiency is improved.

②. It can reach higher temperatures and is suitable for baking bread.

③. became a community center, promoted social structure

④. Opened the professional baker this 1 career.

2. reasons for elimination:

①. The construction cost is high and it is not easy to move.

②. The warm-up time is still several hours.

③. Fuel consumption is huge.

④. Temperature control still relies on experience and is difficult to be precise.

⑤. Heat is unevenly distributed and food needs to be flipped frequently.

(3)、Closed cast iron furnace (18th century)

At the end of the 18th century, British inventors Thomas Robinson and others began to design cast iron ovens, usually as part of large furnaces. For the first time, this oven uses a combination of door, rack and flue design, and heat is conducted through the oven wall for cooking. Benjamin Franklin even designed a 1 modified cast iron furnace that significantly increased thermal efficiency.

1. the breakthrough of cast iron oven

①. For the first time, an independent cooking space separated from the living area was realized.

②. The temperature is relatively more stable.

③. You can cook multiple dishes at the same time.

④. Simple temperature indicating devices began to appear.

2. reasons for elimination

①. Still dependent on solid fuels (firewood, coal), cleaning difficult.

②. Need to continue to add fire, cumbersome operation.

③. The warm-up time is still as long as 30-60 minutes.

④. The outer layer is extremely high temperature and has great potential safety hazards.

⑤. The heat distribution problem is still not completely solved.

(4)、Gas oven

The real leap forward, however, was the birth of the gas oven. In 1802, the German inventor Friedrich Wingold showed the first gas stove prototype, but it was not until the 1880 s when the natural gas pipeline network became popular in European and American cities that gas ovens really entered the home.

1. breakthrough advantages:

①. Instant controllable: the knob is 1 and twisted, and the flame comes immediately, without long preheating.

②.Temperature accuracy: The temperature can be controlled relatively accurately by adjusting the gas valve.

③. Clean convenience: no coal ash trouble.

2. reasons for elimination

Despite its great success, gas ovens still have limitations-the temperature distribution is still not uniform enough, the temperature difference can exceed 50°C, the humidity is difficult to control, and there is a risk of gas leakage and carbon monoxide poisoning. These shortcomings set the stage for the next revolution.

(5)、Resistance type electric oven (early 20th century)

In the early 20th century, the spread of electricity led to the kitchen revolution. In 1905, the United States "General Electric" introduced the first commercial household electric oven. This oven uses the principle of resistance heating, which generates heat through high-resistance wires through current.

1. the subversive advantages of electric oven:

①. Clean, smokeless, no open flame.

②. The temperature can be precisely controlled by a thermostat (introduced in 1915).

③. The warm-up time is shortened to 10-20 minutes.

④. It can be placed anywhere there is electricity.

⑤. More secure, especially suitable for city apartments.

2. why does it need to evolve?

①. The problem of uneven heating of early electric oven is prominent.

②. Large power consumption, high cost.

③. Single function, most of which can only be heated up and down.

④. Glass observation window technology is not mature, can not check the food status at any time.

(6)、Multi-function oven

1. convection oven

The convection oven, which has been popular since the 1970 s, has fundamentally improved the uniformity and efficiency of cooking by introducing forced hot air circulation technology.

①. Fan forced heat circulation: the back fan pushes the hot air flow to eliminate hot and cold dead corners.

②. Three layers of simultaneous baking: uniform heat flow distribution to achieve multi-layer food cooking at the same time.

③. Energy efficiency improvement: 25% shorter time and 20% lower energy consumption than traditional ovens.

2. steam oven

As a modern kitchen electricity that emerged in the 2000 s and was rapidly popularized after 2015, steam ovens have opened up a new dimension of cooking with unique hot and humid cooking technology.

①. Independent steam generator: external boiler quickly produces steam above 100 ℃.

②. Combined cooking mode: steam baking mixed mode, keep moisture while achieving Maillard reaction.

3. smart oven

With the development of the Internet of Things and artificial intelligence technology, smart ovens started in 2015 and accelerated in 2020, opening a new chapter in smart cooking.

①. Image recognition of ingredients: The camera automatically recognizes the type of food and recommends the program.

②. Automatic cooking matching: automatically match the best temperature and time parameters according to the recognition results.

Conclusion

From the aftertemperature of the pit to the touch of the smart screen, the evolution history of the oven is a history of human struggle to pursue the sense of control and quality of life. It is not only a container of heat, but also a microcosm of civilization and progress. In the future, cooking technology will be deeply integrated with health and environmental protection, continue to light up our daily life with warmth, and nourish a better life with wisdom.